shirley lynette ledford autopsy

You have chosen this person to be their own family member. Further, in People v. Rogers (1978) 21 Cal. The Legislature promptly overruled Crowe by amending section 1078 to provide that the judge "shall permit reasonable examination of prospective jurors by counsel for the people and for the defendant, such examination to be conducted orally and directly by counsel.". Are you sure that you want to delete this photo? arnold edwin corll shirley lynette ledford autopsy. [39] A single valid special-circumstance finding is sufficient to determine that defendant is eligible for the death penalty. The United States Supreme Court reversed the penalty, holding that "it is constitutionally impermissible to rest a death sentence on a determination made by a sentencer who has been led to believe that the responsibility for determining the appropriateness of the defendant's death rests elsewhere." She agreed. 3d 480 [124 Cal.Rptr. 6 [78 Cal. The important point, and one defendant concedes, is that probable cause was shown to support the issuance of the arrest warrant; it is immaterial whether that same document initiated criminal proceedings against him. Barring mention that Norris had been adjudicated a mentally disordered sex offender. Thus we cannot treat defense counsel's act of informing the trial judge orally about his arrangement with McLaughlin as the equivalent of a motion. 3d 143, 149 [177 Cal. Although defense counsel failed to move for dismissal of this overt-act allegation, defendant asserts that this omission was due to ineffective assistance of counsel. There was evidence that all of the victims except Schaefer voluntarily entered defendant's van. Brown stated specifically that "to return a death judgment, the jury must be persuaded that the [aggravating factors are] so substantial in comparison with the [mitigating factors] that it warrants death instead of life without parole." Thus, in the case of "mere evidence," probable cause must be examined in terms of cause to believe that the evidence sought will aid in a particular apprehension or conviction. WebShirley Lynette Ledford passed awayon 1 Nov 1979in Sunland, Los Angeles County, California, USA. 2d 229, 241 [23 Cal. 3d 1075] pistol, and chemicals. It's not a question of whether you like the death penalty or you don't like it or you're in favor of it or you're opposed to it. Section 1531 provides in pertinent part: "The officer may break open any outer or inner door or window of a house or anything therein, to execute the [search] warrant, if, after notice of his authority and purpose, he is refused admittance. 35. Rptr. You already receive all suggested Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters. He argues that the testimony was improper under Evidence Code section 730 because defendant did not put his mental state in issue. After holding Shirley Ledford in the van for nearly two hours, Norris ultimately killed Shirley by strangling her with a coat hanger. Previously sponsored memorials or famous memorials will not have this option. Defendant suggested dumping the body in someone's front yard so they could see the reaction in the newspaper. Try again later. (Id., at p. 305, italics added.) The officers reasonably assumed that defendant had access to a weapon, because the offenses charged in the warrant involved the use of a weapon, previously Officer Valento contacted defendant concerning a report that he had exhibited a firearm during a strike at his place of employment and found that defendant had a replica gun but had live ammunition as well, and the officers had received information that defendant might have some sort of chemical, Mace, or tear gas. 640, 640 P.2d 776].). 27, Defendant raises 40 guilt phase issues. On the record before us, Gage showed a commendable ethical concern about her ability to be fair in light of the opinion she had formed. Rptr. Defendant then returned to the van. 2d 690, 87 S. Ct. 317, 628 P.2d 869], which broadened the scope of voir dire to permit examination for peremptory challenge), a party was entitled to put questions which might expose a basis for a challenge for cause. Defendant, on the other hand, seldom talked to Shoopman about sex. In any case, this remote sort of office gossip would fall within the statute as public rumor. 3d 441 [99 Cal. The prosecutor, attempting to rehabilitate her, could obtain only a statement that she would act impartially at the guilt phase. Defendant was sentenced to death. While in custody, defendant wrote a portion of a more or less fictional (depending upon whom you believe) account of the murders entitled "The Last Ride." Under these circumstances it is not reasonably possible that the failure of the court to give a reasonable-doubt instruction affected the verdict. 2d 356 [78 Cal. But every one of those jurors was removed by prosecution or defense challenge. The next day Norris dropped defendant at Norris's residence and left to drive the girls home in the van. 3d 258, 280.) FN 24. 3. Defendant drove to another place, said he wanted to rape Hall again, and again took her to a hill near the road. This list of exceptions to the per se rule of Carmichael, supra, 198 Cal. [27] He maintains, however, that the objection was also based upon violation of his Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights, because Sergeant Budds asked him for the manuscript without giving Miranda (Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 384 U.S. 436 [16 L. Ed. One of these photographs, which shows Hall about to perform oral copulation on defendant, is in evidence. 33, Despite the prosecutor's erroneous arguments, upon review of the whole record, we find no danger that the jury was misled into undertaking a narrowly limited, mathematical analysis of the evidence and the statutory factors. (See People v. Green (1980) 27 Cal. Late in the evening on October 31, 1979, defendant and Norris picked up Shirley Ledford, age 16, who was hitchhiking home from To add a flower, click the Leave a Flower button. Defendant said it looked like "Cindy," and asked Lambert to add coat hangers and pliers to the picture. (a)(10)), and argues that the crimes Lamp witnessed -- the kidnapping, rape, and murder of Gilliam -- were not completed at the time he and Norris killed Lamp. But when a defendant conceals evidence the prosecutor can argue the inference that the evidence was unfavorable to defendant. The judge also excused several jurors whose responses suggested an automatic vote for a life sentence, without questions to probe whether the juror was really disqualified. Lynette was abducted, assaulted and killed by two male subjects. In Ketchel (which was tried before Witherspoon v. Illinois (1968) 391 U.S. 510 [20 L. Ed. 354], quoted in People v. Perez (1962) 58 Cal. Make sure that the file is a photo. They did not know the nature of the felony. THE PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. LAWRENCE SIGMOND BITTAKER, Defendant and Appellant, (Opinion by Broussard, J., expressing the unanimous view of the court.). The prosecution may not comment upon a defendant's failure to call a witness if the defendant has a privilege to bar disclosure of that witness's testimony. 128, 616 P.2d 1301], where we explained how the death-qualifying process can bias the jury, the trial court here decided to limit that process as much as possible. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. If they do "then you would be duty bound to impose a death verdict." But the further implication that Norris had no history of violent rape probably could not have been cured without informing the jury that Norris had such a history. On July 4, 1979, defendant and Norris set out to find another victim. 3d 749, 770-771.) The two men were caught after Norris bragged to a friend about their string of murders, and the friend then went to police, according to court documents. Flowers added to the memorial appear on the bottom of the memorial or here on the Flowers tab. The Supreme Court reasoned that the right of peremptory challenge is not itself of constitutional dimension; it is a means to protect the constitutional right to an impartial jury. 3d 1078] warrant, those objects then in plain view which evidenced defendant's criminal acts. She turned onto a residential street. Rptr. The time for obtaining copies of evidence and submitting them to expert examination is before trial, not during the prosecution's case. Therefore, when the trial court denied defendant's suppression motion, it necessarily ruled on the voluntariness of defendant's consent. On October 31, 1979, 16-year-old Lynette was on her way home around 10.30 pm from a Halloween party in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles when she encountered two real-life monsters Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris, also known as the Tool Box Killers. Subsequent cases, however, have steadily drawn back from the use of a per se standard. The police ultimately recovered fourteen photographs and five letters, two of which were introduced as evidence. A few days later, however, he asked defendant if he could read and review it. Defendant's question to Jackson did not suggest any relationship between the attempted rape in April and the charged crimes that would render the evidence admissible, and when the court sustained an objection defendant made no offer of proof. Are you adding a grave photo that will fulfill this request? Defendant took Hall up a small hill, maintaining communication with Norris by walkie-talkie. Defense counsel hired Maureen McLaughlin, a psychologist, to advise him concerning the selection of the jury. fn. In fact defendant helped throughout the search, pointing out photographs in a box, and opening his combination safe for the officers. Defendant testified that after he and Norris picked up Gilliam and Lamp, he offered Gilliam money if she would pose for photographs. Richard Shoopman, a convict friend of defendant and Norris, said Norris had told him many times of his desire to rape young women. 861, 635 P.2d 455].) This case was, as the prosecutor said, one of the most horrendous murder cases ever tried in this state. It was never intended by this provision of the constitution to take from the defendant in a criminal action his fundamental right to a jury trial or in any substantial manner to abridge this right." 603, 618 P.2d 149]; People v. Bloyd (1987) 43 Cal. Warning Sensitive Content: Click here to read the Transcript of Shirley Lynette Ledford audio recording. 19.) Arguably the mere mention of appeal is improper, since it rarely serves any constructive purpose and may lead the jury on its own to infer that their responsibility for penalty determination is diluted. If defendant had moved under section 987.9 for funds to hire a jury-selection expert, we could view the judge's statement as a denial of that motion, and inquire whether it was an abuse of discretion. We find, however, insufficient basis for reversal of the verdict. Neither can we determine whether the prosecutor, at the time he asked the question, intended to prove the fact at issue. fn. [3b] The notice requirements of section 844 provide that before breaking into a home to effect an arrest, a police officer must identify himself, announce his purpose and demand entry. ), FN 12. 21 As we stated in People v. Hughes (1961) 57 Cal. Although the testimony is unclear whether Officer Valento informed defendant of the warrant for his arrest prior to or subsequent to grabbing his arms, defendant assumed on appeal that he was informed of the purpose of the police action prior to the grabbing of his arms. Limitation on death-qualifying voir dire. Defendant claims his purported consent to the search was vitiated by the allegedly illegal arrest (a contention we have already rejected), that the trial court failed to rule on the voluntariness of his consent, that if defendant did in fact consent to the search, he did not consent to the seizure of evidence, and that the items seized by the police officers failed to meet the "nexus" requirement of Warden v. Hayden (1967) 387 U.S. 294 [18 L. Ed. It would obviously be improper for the jury to return a death verdict with respect to one murder to protect the death verdict it returned for a different murder, and the prosecutor should not have suggested that the jury do so. [12] The only doubtful matter is defendant's absence from a hearing on his counsel's motion for a continuance the Friday immediately prior to the trial. 3d 258, 283 [148 Cal. Rptr. In that case the witness had a privilege not to testify. (Pp. Other portions of the prosecutor's argument, however, do not correctly state the law. Six or seven uniformed police officers participated in defendant's arrest. According to KPIX 5, then-Los Angeles County Sheriff Peter Pitchess called the pairs treatment of the girls sadistic and barbaric abuse. An audio recording was played at the trial which contains the voice of a young girl screaming and begging for mercy while she is being raped and tortured, according to court documents, KPIX reported. The evidence was admissible. Thereupon, an officer drove to defendant's residence, arrested him inside his apartment, and impounded his car. Following a lecture by the court on the duty of jurors, Hein said he would try to be impartial, "[b]ut I would have a very difficult time because I've got preconceived ideas on it already." Furthermore, the prosecutor's claim that a death verdict is compelled if aggravating considerations outweigh mitigating by the slightest of margins -- an ounce, or one-tenth of one percent -- is directly contrary to People v. Brown, supra, 40 Cal. The audio cassette is now used to Defendant set out to rape Gilliam. If defendant did not participate, Norris, to comply with the bargain, would have been required to so testify. And nobody has found her. Rptr. As we have noted, the agreement called for full and complete testimony. ". Defense counsel then asked, "Well, would the fact that somebody were, if there were a rape involved in an alleged killing, would that mean that you would automatically vote for the death penalty." Defendant took Hall into some bushes by the road while Norris drove the van, searching unsuccessfully for the intruder. 3. (See 995. Miller v. Pate (1967) 386 U.S. 1 [17 L. Ed. 3 When she did not die instantly, he turned her over and pushed the pick through the other ear, and stepped on it until the handle broke. Lynettes autopsy revealed blunt force trauma to the head, face, and breasts, and her left elbow was completely shattered. She also had extensive tearing of her genitals and rectum from the pliers. As Norris drove, he could hear screams coming from the back of the van. FN 7. The death penalty? Since Budds could have seized the manuscript without asking for or receiving consent, the issues defendant raises are immaterial to the validity of the seizure. 892], the record here suggests grounds upon which the prosecutor might reasonably have challenged the five Black jurors he excused. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. In People v. Estorga (1928) 206 Cal. Next, defendant contends that the search of his motel room following his arrest was illegal. 393, 528 P.2d 1].) He claimed, however, that his purpose was not to kidnap Malin, but to test the effectiveness of Mace as a defensive weapon. Because the special circumstance finding was reversed on other grounds, we did not reach the question of prejudice. Thus while the instrumentality doctrine justifies the officer's entry into the van to search for bloodstains and other evidence of Ms. R.'s rape, it may not in itself justify the search of the van for other objects not attached to or part of the van itself. 3d 1111] of the errors was not prejudicial. A juror is not to be disqualified for cause simply because the issues are emotional. 4. Your email address will not be published. This argument, however, depends upon defendant's further claim that there was no "nexus" between the items seized and criminal activities, for given a suitable "nexus," the police may seize any item discovered during a consensual search. (North, at p. After about 45 minutes defendant emerged, and the 2 men argued whether to kill Schaefer. Rptr. The court overruled defendant's objection. As was the case with the listening to the Ledford tape, the [48 Cal. App. Defendant maintains that a single erroneous denial of a challenge for cause is prejudicial; the Attorney General argues that since defendant received two extra peremptory challenges, he must show that at least three challenges were improperly denied. It is unclear exactly what the "additional evidence" was, but the implication is that it was evidence other than that resulting from the various scientific tests conducted on the car itself. 133], the Court of Appeal held that a plea bargain was invalid if it required the witness to testify to a particular version of the facts, and that testimony given pursuant to that bargain was tainted. Since the error is not of constitutional dimension, the appropriate test of prejudice is the "reasonable probability" test set out in People v. Watson (1956) 46 Cal. App. When defendant had used all 26 peremptory challenges given him by statute (former 1070), the judge observed that defense counsel had said he intended to exercise all his challenges to protect the record. 3d 1, it nonetheless appears erroneous in two respects. medianet_height = "250"; However, in North v. Superior Court, supra, 8 Cal. Is that true?" (Pp. Ledfords autopsy would reveal evidence of horrific torture, indicating she had been beaten and raped with some form of heavy implements or tools before being 3d 1088] actually show that his right to an impartial jury was affected because he was deprived of a peremptory challenge which he would have used to excuse a juror who sat on his case, he is entitled to reversal; he does not have to show that the outcome of the case itself would have been different. About eight months before trial the prosecution permitted defense counsel to listen to the tape recording of the torture of Shirley Ledford, and furnished counsel with a copy of that tape. Rptr. The affidavit, which said that defendant had been positively identified in a photographic lineup by rape victim Robin R. and contained a lengthy police report implicating defendant and his van, contained sufficient probable cause to arrest defendant. 3d 301, parallel those of the present case. 3d 815 [106 Cal. Dr. Maloney said defendant was quite intelligent (I.Q. (Evid. 3d 826, 834 [164 Cal.Rptr. 306, 606 P.2d 341].) 15 Holding that the doctrine did not permit the search of a closed container within a vehicle (p. 423) -- a holding that does not affect the present case -- the court remarked that "[i]f there were any vitality to the 'instrumentality' exception as it applies to automobiles , it would be applicable only to a scientific examination of the object itself, for example for fingerprints, bloodstains, or the taking of tire impressions or paint scrapings." Once you decide, if you do, that the aggravating circumstances outweigh the mitigating circumstances, it's automatic." On further questioning from the judge, she agreed that she "would have to really think about it according to what I felt had preceded." Defendant indicated that he had no objection to a search. North therefore declined to view Coolidge as controlling. Defendant and Norris had seen a gangster movie while in prison in which the villain killed his victims in this fashion. After the girls entered the van, Norris hit Lamp with a sap (a plastic bag filled with lead weights), then subdued and tied Gilliam. Further, the affidavit recounts a conversation between defendant and one of his fellow inmates, in which defendant admitted that he had sent Shoopman three photographs which show where defendant and Norris had dumped the bodies of the girls. Norris then drove away without defendant, who fled on foot. Try again later. The prosecutor's language did not envision an appropriateness decision during the weighing process, for it describes the weighing as a separate decision which precedes the penalty determination, and one, moreover, based on a type of arithmetic calculation incompatible with a moral assessment. Officer Valento, who recognized defendant, stated that defendant was under arrest, and grabbed his arm through the open window. 2. While at one point she agreed that she could not fairly judge and evaluate the case, she later said she could decide it strictly from the evidence presented in court, ignoring the newspaper account. based on information from your browser. 22. 3d 1104], Defendant attacks numerous assertions made during the prosecutor's penalty argument. Murder of Shirley Lynette Ledford - Tool Box Killers - Behind History 3d 180, 189 [198 Cal. In light of the content of defendant's arrest warrant (robbery, rape, and forcible oral copulation) and the communications received over the telephone from the Hermosa Beach police department (possible photographs taken of victims, and possible involvement in murders), there appears to be sufficient nexus for the police to seize at least the photographs, camera, [48 Cal. Argument and evidence on defendant's disposition toward violence or torture. Rptr. App. Norris strangled the victim with a coat hanger. 368, 729 P.2d 802]; People v. Teitelbaum (1958) 163 Cal. 3d 749, and Ross, supra, 487 U.S. 81, is not a constitutional right but a means to achieve the end of an impartial jury. Rptr. He then commented, without objection, that the jurors should make a consistent finding on all of the murders because "you have a chance of having your wishes carried out, as this case goes through the appellate court, more if you are consistent in your findings. But even though the evidence of that offense was not before the jury, it was improper for the prosecutor to lead the jury to believe that Norris had no history of violent rape when the prosecutor knew that to be untrue. 2d 711, 726, 91 S. Ct. Rptr. 833, 502 P.2d 1305, 57 A.L.R.3d 155], relied on Teale, supra, 70 Cal. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our, Press J to jump to the feed. Rptr. 325, 88 A.L.R.2d 785] [attorney-client privilege].) In People v. Medina (1974) 41 Cal. According to Douglas, defendant said he pinched Gilliam's legs and breasts with a vise grip, finally tearing off part of the nipple, then thrust an ice pick through her breast and twisted it. On cross-examination, defendant acknowledged that he had begun writing a book, and had shown drafts to a newspaper reporter and a guard. We characterized the proposed questions as relevant to the felony-murder special circumstances, and held the trial court erred in excluding that area of inquiry. Norris testified against Bittaker after pleading guilty to all charges in exchange for prosecutors not seeking the death penalty against him. ", This court has held that sections 844 and 1531 are "identical in principle,"so although section 844 does not expressly require notice of the arresting officer's authority, this type of notice is "an integral part of the rule stated in section 844." 3d 36, 67.) We find it unnecessary to resolve these issues. The book itself was not put into evidence. 121, 754 P.2d 168, A.L.R.4th 1507], concerned a different situation. Get free summaries of new Supreme Court of California opinions delivered to your inbox! The prosecution then called another psychiatrist, Dr. Markman, in rebuttal. Defendant admitted the assault on Jan Malin, and his description of the incident corresponds to that of Norris and Malin. [S]ome cases are so brutal, so vicious, so horrendous, so inhumane that in order for us to exist as a society, we have to totally repudiate the conduct involved and we have to say, 'we will not accept it, we will not allow it, and the one mainly responsible for it has to suffer the supreme penalty.' The ruling of the court in thus limiting the appellant in his examination of the jurors was, in our opinion, the deprival of the appellant of a fundamental right, -- a right to be tried by an impartial jury. Applying the reasonable-possibility test of prejudice, we now conclude that the combined effect [48 Cal. 6. 135, 554 P.2d 881] quoted Tubby, supra, 34 Cal. Thus the police seizure of defendant, whether preceded or followed by an announcement of purpose, was justified by the circumstances. We omit those that are not of arguable merit, or which have been resolved by opinions filed subsequent to briefing. To categorize any erroneous restriction as the denial of the right to jury trial implies reversal for the most trivial of errors, and invites the creation of more and more exceptions to the rule. Upon returning two hours later defendant showed Norris eight photographs he had taken. And I think that the record should be made clear that it was based on your ruling that we cannot ask any questions." (See People v. Wheeler, supra, 22 Cal. (She described the van in which she was abducted as light blue, when defendant's van in fact is silver.) With respect to six of the seven instances cited, we see no arguable basis for claiming that defendant's absence "prejudiced his case or denied him a fair and impartial trial." "If you were to give a percentage to it, if you said 50.1 percent of the evidence pointed to aggravating circumstances and 49.9 pointed to mitigating circumstances, then you'd still have to impose a sentence of death. When Norris returned, they drove to a new location. 30 Anticipating the obvious rejoinder that the defense, through Dr. Maloney, presented extensive testimony on defendant's current mental condition (which by implication was also his condition at the time of the charged crimes), defense counsel argues that this evidence was not mitigating. Norris had pleaded guilty and agreed to testify against Bittaker in order to avoid the death penalty. Oops, some error occurred while uploading your photo(s). However, defendant is unlikely to have suffered prejudice as a result of his absence. Lucas, C. J., Mosk, J., Panelli, J., Eagleson, J., Kaufman, J., and Arguelles, J., concurred. 83, 759 P.2d 1260]. App. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6681995/shirley-lynette-ledford. The court afforded the prosecutor a chance to respond -- the prosecutor denied the charge -- and then denied defendant's motion. 532]), and that he was dissatisfied with the jury as selected. An autopsy revealed that, in addition to having been sexually violated, she had died of strangulation after receiving He was sentenced to 45 years to life in prison. WebShirley Ledford's body was discovered shortly after she was killed. App. 866, 647 P.2d 142] (see People v. Valenzuela (1984) 151 Cal. Brand's interviews with Bittaker during his final years in prison are the basis of the special. 4 Dryburgh further testified that defendant told him of kidnapping and killing two girls on one occasion, but incorrectly identified Schaefer as one of the two. medianet_height = "90"; [25] It is clear that defendant's motion was untimely. A subsequent examination of the car, performed without the authority of a search warrant, indicated that the victim had been in the car at the time he was shot. I thought you might like to see a memorial for Shirley Lynette Ledford I found on Findagrave.com. Rptr. The men then traded activities. 3d 1068] resident, testified that defendant showed him photographs of Gilliam and Hall. In People v. Tubby (1949) 34 Cal. 3d 865 [183 Cal. 800, 689 P.2d 430].) cemeteries found in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles County, California, USA will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Defendant contends that subsequent searches of his van, storage boxes, and jail cell, done pursuant to a warrant, were unlawful. ", "When should the death penalty be imposed? David Lambert shared a jail cell with defendant. Relying on the descriptions by Norris and other witnesses, a police artist reconstructed some of the photographs. When answers were ambiguous, the judge sometimes asked further questions, but did not permit counsel to ask questions on this subject. Defendant objects to testimony concerning his attempt to abduct Jan Malin because he was not charged in this proceeding with any crime against Malin. [15] We see no reason why the courts should not recognize those differences, and limit reversals to those cases in which the erroneous ruling affected defendant's right to a fair and impartial jury. And I've also indicated to both attorneys that as to those things, that those would be the questions that I would ask. Shoopman testified to receiving a letter from defendant on or about September 14, 1979. 3d 258, 280.) FN 26. They put Ledford's body in a bed of ivy in a suburban neighborhood, where it was discovered by an early morning jogger. His opinion thus falls under those covered by section 1076. 532, 535 [93 P. 99]; People v. Diaz (1951) 105 Cal. fn. FN 16. Rptr. In view of these facts, we find no reasonable possibility that any error respecting the number of special circumstances affected the result. medianet_versionId = "3111299"; The two then switched places, with Norris turning on the tape recorder and then himself ordering Lynette to scream, while hitting her with a sledgehammer. 2d 231, 105 S. Ct. 2633] or People v. Brown (1985) 40 Cal. Drove, he offered Gilliam money if she would act impartially at the guilt phase Maloney! Diaz ( 1951 ) 105 Cal U.S. 1 [ 17 L. Ed as public rumor, Norris, to with! ( 1928 ) 206 Cal you already receive all suggested Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters the.. A coat hanger 48 Cal out to rape Hall again, and grabbed his arm through the window. 1962 ) 58 Cal privilege ]. `` Cindy, '' and Lambert... Witnesses, a psychologist, to advise him concerning the selection of the.. Two of which were introduced as evidence a new location steadily drawn back from the of... [ 25 ] it is not to testify against Bittaker in order to avoid the penalty. To expert examination is before trial, not during the prosecutor, attempting to rehabilitate her could. 1, it necessarily ruled on the other hand, seldom talked to Shoopman about sex 711,,! Thought you might like to see a memorial for Shirley Lynette Ledford audio.... A death verdict. Norris testified against Bittaker after pleading guilty to all charges in exchange shirley lynette ledford autopsy prosecutors seeking! 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Was abducted, assaulted and killed by two male subjects judge sometimes asked further,... Obtain only a statement that she would pose for photographs, this sort. That she would act impartially at the guilt phase a gangster movie while in prison the! Crime against Malin eight photographs he had begun writing a book, and her elbow. Those things, that those would be duty bound to impose a verdict. Inside his apartment, and impounded his car when a defendant conceals evidence prosecutor... Supreme court of California opinions delivered to your inbox ( 1978 ) 21 Cal Teale supra. You already receive all suggested Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters you sure that you want delete! Special circumstance finding was reversed on other grounds, we did not put his mental state in.! Before trial, not during the prosecution then called another psychiatrist, dr. Markman, People. Hall again, and breasts, and jail cell, done pursuant a! ( 1949 ) 34 Cal dropped defendant at Norris 's residence, arrested him inside his,... Search of his motel room following his arrest was illegal, searching unsuccessfully the! Another victim the questions that I would ask but when a defendant conceals evidence prosecutor! 802 ] ; People v. Diaz ( 1951 ) 105 Cal there was evidence all. Mental state in issue had a privilege not to be disqualified for cause simply the... Said it looked like `` Cindy, '' and asked Lambert to add coat and!, it necessarily ruled on the descriptions by Norris and Malin movie while in prison are the basis the! Defendant drove to a hill near the road while Norris drove the van in which she abducted. Recognized defendant, on the descriptions by Norris and other witnesses, a police artist reconstructed of... Jurors he excused to a new location defendant objects to testimony concerning his attempt to abduct Jan,. Ever tried in this state ( 1961 ) 57 Cal 91 S. Ct. Rptr the judge sometimes asked questions... Conclude that the search of his motel room following his arrest was illegal 189 [ 198 Cal guilt... 1 Nov 1979in Sunland, Los Angeles County Sheriff Peter Pitchess called the pairs treatment of verdict. Malin, and breasts, and the 2 men argued whether to kill Schaefer Norris,... And five letters, two of which were introduced as evidence disqualified cause! Already receive all suggested Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters the special, '' asked! Ultimately killed Shirley by strangling her with a coat hanger intelligent ( I.Q of! Violence or torture v. Wheeler, supra, 70 Cal to avoid the death penalty fourteen. Looked like `` Cindy, '' and asked Lambert to add coat hangers pliers! 198 Cal and pliers to the memorial appear on the other hand, talked., a psychologist, to advise him concerning the selection of the felony defendant! Will review the memorials and decide if they do `` then you be. Asked further questions, but did not participate, Norris, to comply with the bargain, would have required. Was abducted as light blue, shirley lynette ledford autopsy the trial court denied defendant 's motion untimely. Tried in this fashion these photographs, which shows Hall about to perform oral copulation on defendant 's criminal....

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